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ScienceDaily (Nov. 15, 2012) ? Insights from a genetic condition that causes brain cancer are helping scientists better understand the most common type of brain tumor in children.
In new research, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified a cell growth pathway that is unusually active in pediatric brain tumors known as gliomas. They previously identified the same growth pathway as a critical contributor to brain tumor formation and growth in neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1), an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome.
"This suggests that the tools we've been developing to diagnose and treat NF1 may also be helpful for sporadic brain tumors," says senior author David H. Gutmann, MD, PhD, the Donald O. Schnuck Family Professor of Neurology.
The findings appear Dec. 1 in Genes and Development.
NF1 is among the most common tumor predisposition syndromes, but it accounts for only about 15 percent of pediatric low-grade gliomas known as pilocytic astrocytomas. The majority of these brain tumors occur sporadically in people without NF1.
Earlier research showed that most sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas possess an abnormal form of a signaling protein known as BRAF. In tumor cells, a piece of another protein is erroneously fused to the business end of BRAF.
Scientists suspected that the odd protein fusion spurred cells to grow and divide more often, leading to tumors. However, when they gave mice the same aberrant form of BRAF, they observed a variety of results. Sometimes gliomas formed, but in other cases, there was no discernible effect or a brief period of increased growth and cell division. In other studies, the cells grew old and died prematurely.
Gutmann, director of the Washington University Neurofibromatosis Center, previously showed that mouse NF1-associated gliomas arise from certain brain cells.
According to Gutmann, the impact of abnormal NF1 gene function on particular cell types helps explain why gliomas are most often found in the optic nerves and brainstem of children with NF1 -- these areas are where the susceptible cell types reside.
With that in mind, Gutmann and his colleagues tested the effects of the unusual fusion BRAF protein in neural stem cells from the cerebellum, where sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas often form, and in cells from the cortex, where the tumors almost never develop.
"Abnormal BRAF only results in increased growth when it is placed in neural stem cells from the cerebellum, but not the cortex," Gutmann says. "We also found that putting fusion BRAF into mature glial cells from the cerebellum had no effect."
When fusion BRAF causes increased cell proliferation, postdoctoral fellows Aparna Kaul, PhD and Yi-Hsien Chen, PhD, showed that it activates the same cellular growth pathway, called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), that is normally also controlled by the NF1 protein. An extensive body of research into the mTOR pathway already exists, including potential treatments to suppress its function in other forms of cancer.
"We may be able to leverage these insights and our previous work in NF1 to improve the treatment of these common pediatric brain tumors, and that's very exciting," Gutmann says.
Gutmann and his colleagues are now working to identify more of the factors that make particular brain cells vulnerable to the tumor-promoting effects of the NF1 gene mutation and fusion BRAF. They are also developing animal models of sporadic pilocytic astrocytoma for drug discovery and testing.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University School of Medicine. The original article was written by Michael C. Purdy.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/_MxkYXNKnyI/121116091226.htm
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Contact: Jeff Grabmeier
grabmeier.1@osu.edu
614-292-8457
Ohio State University
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- For baby boomers, the peak interest in health issues comes at about age 51, with a second peak coming near age 65, according to a new study.
The results may help doctors and other professionals target this generation with health messages at a time when they are most receptive to hearing them, the researchers said.
The study, based on a survey of Americans age 45 to 65, showed that people in their late 40s had the lowest levels of interest in health issues. Interest rose quickly, however, and peaked in the early 50s, then dropped slightly and plateaued during the rest of the 50s and early 60s. Another rise in interest occurred near age 65.
This is the first study to find health-related "change points" during the lifespan when people perceive health needs to be more important than at other times, said John Dimmick, lead author of the study and emeritus associate professor of communication at Ohio State University.
Dimmick conducted the study with Katey Price, a doctoral candidate in communication at Ohio State, and Melanie Sarge, a former Ohio State doctoral student who is now an assistant professor at Texas Tech University.
"The early 50s are clearly a key change point for the baby boomers we studied," Price said.
"This would be a great time to reach boomers with messages about how to improve and protect their health."
Price presented their results Nov. 15 in Orlando at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association.
The researchers suspect interest in health peaks in the early 50s because of what doctors and the media tell people reaching that age.
"Fifty is the age Americans are told they need to undergo a variety of health screenings," Dimmick said. For example, people are often told that they should get a colonoscopy, mammogram and -- until recently -- a PSA test for prostate cancer when they turn 50.
"People start really paying attention to their health when they are encouraged to get all of these various screening tests."
Dimmick said the study was conducted to better target media health campaigns to boomers as well as to assist medical professionals to better target health information to this generation.
The study involved 477 respondents from across the country who completed an online questionnaire. They were recruited by a commercial sampling and survey firm.
Respondents rated how important they thought each of 18 health issues were to them on a seven-point scale from "not at all important" to "very important." The health issues included diabetes, cancer, heart disease, arthritis, and nutrition and weight management.
Respondents were also asked where they got their health information, how often they used the media, and how they would rate their overall health.
The researchers examined how respondents of different ages ranked the importance of the 18 health issues to determine change points when health took on a higher priority among these baby boomers.
Dimmick noted that the change points were not affected by gender, media use or how respondents rated their own health.
"These change points seem to be affecting nearly everyone in our sample," he said.
While 51 was when health interest was at its highest, another peak came near age 65, the study found. That peak probably comes as baby boomers are contemplating retirement.
"Age 65 is when people traditionally are thought of as senior citizens," Price said. "Old age is synonymous with declining health in our culture, so people again start thinking they should be worried about their health."
Price and Dimmick both noted that they couldn't find any medical reason for people's interest in health to peak at about age 50 and again at age 65.
"We do a lot of health screenings at age 50 and prepare for retirement at age 65 and that seems to drive a lot of the interest in health issues at those ages, Dimmick said."
With interest in health peaking at those two points, it was not surprising that the participants' use of health media also peaked at age 51 and then again at 64.
Overall, the respondents reported that health professionals were their number one source of health information, with the media -- particularly the internet -- coming in second.
"The internet is the key to delivering health information to baby boomers," Dimmick said. "In order to effectively reach baby boomers, we need to have websites designed to furnish information on the health issues rated most important by boomers."
Of the 18 health issues included in the study, seven were rated relatively high in importance by the respondents: eyes, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, nutrition/weight management, arthritis, and high blood pressure.
"These are the issues health professionals should concentrate on, because they are what baby boomers are most interested in themselves," Dimmick said.
Boomers rated the other 11 health issues as relatively less important: Parkinson's disease, blood poisoning, flu, dementia/Alzheimer's, respiratory disease, hearing problems, mental health, brain disease, pneumonia, kidney disease, and liver disease.
While these 11 health issues are important, Dimmick said the results suggest these aren't the issues that should be highlighted.
"If you're going to change people's behavior, first you have to concentrate on what people think is most important," Dimmick said. "Then you can worry about the other issues."
###
Contact: Katey Price, Price.739@osu.edu John Dimmick, Dimmick.1@osu.edu
(It is best to reach Price and Dimmick first by email.)
Written by Jeff Grabmeier, (614) 292-8457; Grabmeier.1@osu.edu
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Jeff Grabmeier
grabmeier.1@osu.edu
614-292-8457
Ohio State University
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- For baby boomers, the peak interest in health issues comes at about age 51, with a second peak coming near age 65, according to a new study.
The results may help doctors and other professionals target this generation with health messages at a time when they are most receptive to hearing them, the researchers said.
The study, based on a survey of Americans age 45 to 65, showed that people in their late 40s had the lowest levels of interest in health issues. Interest rose quickly, however, and peaked in the early 50s, then dropped slightly and plateaued during the rest of the 50s and early 60s. Another rise in interest occurred near age 65.
This is the first study to find health-related "change points" during the lifespan when people perceive health needs to be more important than at other times, said John Dimmick, lead author of the study and emeritus associate professor of communication at Ohio State University.
Dimmick conducted the study with Katey Price, a doctoral candidate in communication at Ohio State, and Melanie Sarge, a former Ohio State doctoral student who is now an assistant professor at Texas Tech University.
"The early 50s are clearly a key change point for the baby boomers we studied," Price said.
"This would be a great time to reach boomers with messages about how to improve and protect their health."
Price presented their results Nov. 15 in Orlando at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association.
The researchers suspect interest in health peaks in the early 50s because of what doctors and the media tell people reaching that age.
"Fifty is the age Americans are told they need to undergo a variety of health screenings," Dimmick said. For example, people are often told that they should get a colonoscopy, mammogram and -- until recently -- a PSA test for prostate cancer when they turn 50.
"People start really paying attention to their health when they are encouraged to get all of these various screening tests."
Dimmick said the study was conducted to better target media health campaigns to boomers as well as to assist medical professionals to better target health information to this generation.
The study involved 477 respondents from across the country who completed an online questionnaire. They were recruited by a commercial sampling and survey firm.
Respondents rated how important they thought each of 18 health issues were to them on a seven-point scale from "not at all important" to "very important." The health issues included diabetes, cancer, heart disease, arthritis, and nutrition and weight management.
Respondents were also asked where they got their health information, how often they used the media, and how they would rate their overall health.
The researchers examined how respondents of different ages ranked the importance of the 18 health issues to determine change points when health took on a higher priority among these baby boomers.
Dimmick noted that the change points were not affected by gender, media use or how respondents rated their own health.
"These change points seem to be affecting nearly everyone in our sample," he said.
While 51 was when health interest was at its highest, another peak came near age 65, the study found. That peak probably comes as baby boomers are contemplating retirement.
"Age 65 is when people traditionally are thought of as senior citizens," Price said. "Old age is synonymous with declining health in our culture, so people again start thinking they should be worried about their health."
Price and Dimmick both noted that they couldn't find any medical reason for people's interest in health to peak at about age 50 and again at age 65.
"We do a lot of health screenings at age 50 and prepare for retirement at age 65 and that seems to drive a lot of the interest in health issues at those ages, Dimmick said."
With interest in health peaking at those two points, it was not surprising that the participants' use of health media also peaked at age 51 and then again at 64.
Overall, the respondents reported that health professionals were their number one source of health information, with the media -- particularly the internet -- coming in second.
"The internet is the key to delivering health information to baby boomers," Dimmick said. "In order to effectively reach baby boomers, we need to have websites designed to furnish information on the health issues rated most important by boomers."
Of the 18 health issues included in the study, seven were rated relatively high in importance by the respondents: eyes, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, nutrition/weight management, arthritis, and high blood pressure.
"These are the issues health professionals should concentrate on, because they are what baby boomers are most interested in themselves," Dimmick said.
Boomers rated the other 11 health issues as relatively less important: Parkinson's disease, blood poisoning, flu, dementia/Alzheimer's, respiratory disease, hearing problems, mental health, brain disease, pneumonia, kidney disease, and liver disease.
While these 11 health issues are important, Dimmick said the results suggest these aren't the issues that should be highlighted.
"If you're going to change people's behavior, first you have to concentrate on what people think is most important," Dimmick said. "Then you can worry about the other issues."
###
Contact: Katey Price, Price.739@osu.edu John Dimmick, Dimmick.1@osu.edu
(It is best to reach Price and Dimmick first by email.)
Written by Jeff Grabmeier, (614) 292-8457; Grabmeier.1@osu.edu
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/osu-e5m111412.php
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Tapas Tasting at Jamonera
The first Sunday tasting menu at this Midtown Village hot spot was super successful, so the Spanish tapas bar is bringing it back. A slate of 10 different bites and dishes includes papas fritas, tuna crudo, Moorish chicken kebabs, duck sausage, cannelloni and much more, all made with Marcie Turney?s deft touch. The meal runs $40 per person, and reservations are encouraged (215-922-6061).
Why Fernet Is Fueling The Restaurant Industry, And Not As Bad Tasting As You Think
Are you a fan of Fernet Branca? In recent years, the bitter Italian?aperitif?has taken the industry by storm. Food Republic takes a quick look at the spirit?s history and reveals the source of its startling and unique flavor - it tastes like mint, but it actually comes from copious quantities of saffron.
Source: http://blog.zagat.com/2012/11/eat-this-do-this-read-this-philly.html
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Bipolar disorder is a serious and difficult illness that affects all facets of a person?s life: their education, work, relationships, health and finances, said Julie A. Fast, author of several bestselling books on bipolar disorder, including Loving Someone with Bipolar Disorder and Take Charge of Bipolar Disorder, and a coach who works with partners and families.
Fast was diagnosed with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder II at 31 years old in 1995, a time when very little was discussed regarding the diagnosis. Fortunately, knowledge and media coverage of bipolar disorder have improved dramatically over the years. ?I?m astonished at how much more people know about the illness,? she said.
Even TV shows are featuring more accurate portrayals of bipolar disorder. ?In the past, people with bipolar disorder were practically frothing at the mouth,? Fast said. Today, writers and producers make it a point to get it right. Recently, Fast served as one of the advisors on the hit Showtime series ?Homeland? and talked with Claire Danes about her character?s bipolar disorder.
While information has gotten much better, many misconceptions still exist and endure.
Below, you?ll find five persistent myths about bipolar disorder
1. Myth: Bipolar disorder and depression are completely different diagnoses.
Fact: Bipolar disorder and depression ? also known as unipolar depression ? are not completely different illnesses, according to Francis Mondimore, MD, associate clinical director of the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins. In fact, he believes this is one of the most misunderstood ideas about bipolar disorder. (He blames psychiatrists for the misconception.)
Patients who believe this myth may oppose the diagnosis ?if they don?t have the full-blown ?manic-depressive? picture and also resist taking ?bipolar? medications like lithium,? said Dr. Mondimore, also author of Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families.
It?s more accurate to think of bipolar disorder and depression as ?probably represent[ing] two ends of a spectrum of illnesses,? he said. ?The designation ?bipolar II? has helped crack this a bit, but this is why the term ?bipolar spectrum disorder? continues to gain ground,? he said.
2. Myth: People with bipolar disorder experience dramatic mood swings followed by complete remission of symptoms.
Fact: Some people with bipolar disorder experience this pattern, Mondimore said. (Lithium is typically very effective for these individuals, he said.) However, ?Many patients have periods of residual symptoms and less severe but still significant mood fluctuations between episodes of more severe symptoms,? he said. This is especially common if people don?t engage in healthy habits to manage the illness.
3. Myth: Medication is the only treatment for bipolar disorder.
Fact: Medication is an important part of managing bipolar disorder. But it?s not the only answer. Viewing medication as your only treatment option ?can lead to fruitless reaches for the ?right? medication,? Mondimore said. And it can lead you to avoid making valuable lifestyle changes and seeking therapy, he said.
As Fast writes on her website, ?Medications take care of half of the illness, the other half is management.?
Both Fast and Mondimore stressed the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding alcohol and drugs, cultivating good sleep habits, exercising and effectively coping with stress.
Fast includes medication and alternative therapies as part of her treatment plan. Still, she cautioned against thinking ?that we can exercise, diet, meditate, walk and rethink our way out of this illness.? (In fact, this is another big myth that persists, Fast said.)
Think of bipolar disorder like any other long-term illness, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, Mondimore said: It requires commitment and comprehensive management.
4. Myth: After having a severe episode, people with bipolar disorder should be able to bounce back.
Fact: If a person with bipolar disorder experiences a severe episode ? one that requires hospitalization, for instance ? there?s an expectation that afterward they?ll be able to get back to their work and life, Fast said. However, she equated this scenario to people who?ve been in a car crash. You wouldn?t expect someone with broken bones simply to get up and start sprinting.
5. Myth: People with bipolar disorder aren?t trying hard enough.
Fact: People wonder why someone with bipolar disorder just doesn?t try harder. They think that if they exert more effort, they?d have the life they want. They wonder why everyone else who experiences mood swings can cope with them but someone with bipolar disorder can?t. Sometimes Fast has even wondered the same thing about herself.
But this implies that bipolar disorder is a choice, she said. ?Would you ever say that to someone with diabetes or pneumonia?? she said.
People just don?t realize how serious bipolar disorder is, Fast said. Thankfully, though serious, it?s highly treatable. Managing the illness is hard work, and finding the right medication takes time. But as Fast said, ?Keep trying. Never give up.?
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APA Reference
Tartakovsky, M. (2012). 5 Persistent Myths About Bipolar Disorder. Psych Central. Retrieved on November 8, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/11/07/5-persistent-myths-about-bipolar-disorder/
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Source: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/11/07/5-persistent-myths-about-bipolar-disorder/
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